See: corporation, incorporate) incorporation the process of forming an association that has corporate personality. This term is frequently confounde particularly in the old books, with corporation. What does incorporation mean? There are some legal requirements for any corporation formed in the country and some that are state specific. When a business decides to form a corporate structure or company, the process is called incorporation.
The process involves various stages, such as creating the articles of incorporation, adopting bylaws, electing officers, and issuing stock to shareholders.
Incorporation laws are governed by state laws, which vary by state. Since silver is a conductor of heat , it was deemed inappropriate for hot drinks until the incorporation of woo ivory, or bone handles made it possible to use silver for pots, hot water kettles, and the like. Definition of incorporation.
The incorporation doctrine is a constitutional doctrine through which the first ten amendments of the United States Constitution (known as the Bill of Rights) are made applicable to the states through the Due Process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. States and state courts could choose to adopt similar laws, but were under no obligation t. See full list on law. Guarantee against the establishment of religion: Everson v Board of Education, 3U.
Free Exercise of Religion: Hamilton v. Regents of the University of California, 2U.
Freedom of Speech: Gitlow v. Right of Assembly and Petition: DeJonge v. This doctrine has not been used very often by the Supreme Court. For more on reverse incorporation, see this Southern California Law Review article and this University of Michigan Law Review article. The doctrine of selective incorporation , or simply the incorporation doctrine, makes the first ten amendments to the Constitutionknown as the Bill of Rightsbinding on the states. Some provisions of the Bill of Rightsincluding the requirement of indictment by a Grand Jury (Sixth Amendment) and the right to a jury trial in civil cases (Seventh Amendment)have not been applied to the states through the incorporation doctrine. Until the early twentieth century, the Bill of Rights was interpreted as applying only to the federal government.
Mayor of Baltimore, U. By the mid-nineteenth century, this view was being challenged. Supreme Court expressly limited application of the Bill of Rights to the federal government. However, in the Slaughter-House Cases, U. It concluded that the Fourteenth Amendment prohibited states from passing laws abridging the rights of U. The effect of this ruling was to put much state legislation beyond the review of the Supreme Court. Fourteenth Amendment incorporated all aspects of the Bill of Rights and applied them to the states. Court held that the First Amendment protection of freedom of speech applied to the states through the Due Process Clause.
Justice Felix Frankfurter, who wrote a concurrence in Adamson, disagreed forcefully with Black, arguing that some rights guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment may overlap with the guarantees of the Bill of Rights, but are not based directly upon such rights. Following his retirement, most provisions of the Bill of Rights were eventually incorporated to apply to the states. Meador Lecture: Hugo Black and the Hall of Fame.
The corporation may be a business, a nonprofit organization, sports club, or a government of a new city or town. To unite (one thing) with something else already in existence: incorporated the letter into her diary. To admit as a member to a corporation or similar organization. A doctrine through which certain substantive protections of the Constitution are applicable to states. One could make legal arguments for this position by attacking the incorporation doctrine, (1) or, if one is taken with the current fad of referring to foreign law , (2) by expanding what European Union law calls the margin of appreciation.
Proponents of the latter concept suggest that subsidiary governments should enjoy greater autonomy in. A corporation is a legal entity created through the laws of its state of incorporation. Individual states have the power to promulgate laws relating to the creation, organization and dissolution of corporations. Many states follow the Model Business Corporation Act. In general, a corporation is formed under state law by the filing of articles of incorporation with the state.
The state must generally date-stamp the articles before they are effective. The jurisdiction of incorporation is the state where a corporation is formed. The Uniform Commercial Code, or UCC, regulates business and trade in many states, and jurisdictions are used to encourage the equal application of laws in commercial endeavors that cross state borders.